Do Rules Contribute to a persons happiness

Do Rules Contribute to a Persons Happiness? Rules and guidelines. The two words which each kid and even numerous grown-ups hate to hear. When thinking about ‘rules' we consider something which disrupts the general flow of our accomplishing something we may need to. We promptly revile the standard, not thinking how it might be helping us. We intensely wish that it never existed, without truly having the option to appreciate what the world would resemble without that rule.What we, as people, neglect to comprehend, is that rules are made fundamentally to support us. We may discover them irritating, exasperating, and even totally silly, yet they by and large assist us with having a sense of security thus, cheerful. Consider everything in our everyday life which we underestimate. Driving in a vehicle, we anticipate that individuals should stop for us sooner or later when at a crossing point, that is on the grounds that somebody made traffic lights. Speed limits are another significa nt principle which numerous individuals find amazingly annoying.Think about this, f there were no street guidelines, okay feel good driving? To all the individuals who consider heading to be a definitive opportunity, okay feel a similar way in the event that you were in consistent dread of being slaughtered? Obviously not! The equivalent goes for rules against murder, burglary, drugs, sexual maltreatment, the rundown never closes. It is a result of every one of these standards that we are allowed to feel great and upbeat in our lives. All the principles so far have been administers on a global scale, yet regardless of whether we take a gander at rules in our own immerses they serve the equivalent purpose.Personally, I would consistently get irritated when my folks didn't let me have as much ‘Junk food' as I needed. I would through fits of rage and state that ‘now is the best an ideal opportunity for me to eat Junk, while I'm as yet youthful! ‘ Now, when I consider It, I am incredibly happy that my folks controlled me. On the off chance that I had eaten excessively, I could have had extreme medical problems, which would have prevented me from doing such a large number of things which I love doing today, Like playing sports, eating out and Just by and large getting a charge out of life.Today I am grateful for the guidelines set somewhere around my folks, since they are a significant explanation behind my bliss. By and large, I genuinely accept that rules and guidelines are critical to a people satisfaction. They may not all assistance you out (however as a general rule you may not perceive how they are helping you), yet without them your life would not be close to as charming as It May be. As Sheldon Cooper (from The Big Bang Theory) says, Without rules, our whole world would plunge Into Anarchy, and who needs that!

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 133

Task Example Be that as it may, it merits watching the way that in spite of the emergency, for the Neo-Classics, they reacted through shielding their position and even clarified that the emergency was an affirmation of their view. It is reasonable that the disunity among business analysts become progressively articulated after the monetary and the money related emergency essentially because of the similarity of the ongoing budgetary emergency to the incredible sorrow of 1930s in both strategy direction and on tenet issues. During the rule approach issue of the 1930s was joblessness which was then followed to rigidities which forestalled the free working of the industrialist framework and it was then discovered that the significant unbending nature was deterrent too the descending development of wages, making the emergency a matter of certainty which couldn't discover fix either on financial or money related extension. Taking a gander at the present emergency, it is obvious that the emergency was activated by the breakdown in the financial framework which was a major reminder for the Neo-old style standard business analysts as it was an away from of sick groundwork for the emergency attributable to the brush off reached out to the money related area. Be that as it may, then again, the New Keynesians and the New Institutional Economists were given the principal chance to utilize the utilization of financial and money related development to stop the constriction of the monetary part. Thusly, hypothetically, actually, neither financial matters nor the unique part of monetary history is fit can do its work altogether without assistance from the neo-old style hypothesis. The last quarter a century has seen the economy-natural powerful become subject to the idea of the earth and people. The most recent decade has seen an expansion in disturbing maltreatment of and applying of over the top weight on the earth coming about into an obliteration on an excellent scale most remarkably in the creating nations. A large portion of these occurrences have

Wunderdata

Wunderdata Wunderdata is a great startup in Berlin providing business intelligence tool to eCommerce companies.In this interview, Richard Neb and Mike Roetgers share the idea behind their business model. They also explain their competitive advantage and provide advices for avoiding mistakes for the first time entrepreneurs.Interviewer: Hi. Today we are in Berlin with Wunderdata. Richard and Mike, who are you, and what do you do?Mike: We are three founders who founded Wunderdata a year ago. We are basically developing business intelligence software for online shops.Interviewer: Please tell us a bit more about your background, what did you do before you started this company, and what made you switch from being an employee to starting your own company?Mike: I was a software developer for ten years. Actually when I was 17, I started doing a bit of freelance work, and at 18 I started my first startup. Back then I didn’t know it was a startup, I thought it was just this small company, and we had ve nture capital, even though I didn’t call it that. For the first some years we did music downloads with MP3s, it was back 2005, long before Apple did that. But when Apple switched to MP3s in 2007 we failed. Then I worked as an employee for some years until last year when we started Wunderdata.Interviewer: And you Richard?Richard: I’ve worked for four different online shops so far. Mike has also a lot of experience, and also Stefan who is our third founder, in ecommerce. And what we realized or the learning out of it was that it’s very important for online shops to work data-driven, but at the same time it’s very hard to work data-driven professional online tools because all the solutions in the market are either self-built or in enterprise field, both of which are very, very expensive, and it takes of time, several months, until you can deploy it to work. And it takes a lot of knowledge to work with it. Every developer can build some SQL queries, but to build a scalable, flex ible data solution is a whole other game. So what we realized there was that we could do it better, so we founded Wunderdata.Interviewer: Tell us about how the business model of Wunderdata works. Is it subscription or SaaS model? Tell us a bit more about what the software is really doing, what the data output looks like, and how you try to store the data in this data warehouse?Mike: What we do is we create a data warehouse for the individual customer, and we try to identify data sources for the customer, which are relevant. Of course the base level is the online shop in our case, and very important is web-tracking, like Google Analytics, or Web Track, or whatever. And then it’s often about getting all the different costs. Like if you have marketing, you want to know what you spent on Ad Words, what you spent on ZaNote, etc. and you want to know logistics costs, for example, returns, what you pay for pay for that and stuff like that. We bring all that together in one big data model and we connect everything with each other. So our big difference with a lot of other BI vendors is that we are not totally generic, but we know what data we have and what it means. It’s not like a number we know what it means and that’s where we interconnect it. Then we are able to do, for example, filter globally. I can look at a certain customer corporate and see what brands they bought, I can bring everything together, I can try to find correlation between different data, which you normally don’t look at together. So that’s the basic idea.Interviewer: Assuming you had all the clean data and access automatically to all the data sources, are there different types of data sources like Google Analytics, etc. is quite easy to extract, but maybe there is some other data, from like logistic quest, or specific other marketing or offline expenses that I generated that I might put in manually in the other system or so, so how do you extract this data and put it into the data wareh ouse?Mike: Of course we love APIs, so whenever it’s possible to get it through an API we get it through that. We can use direct databases access. If you have your open system, for example, we can connect directly to database if you allow us, and we try to find what we need. And we can also use spreadsheets, for example, so if once a month you give us payment correction cost on that spreadsheet, and we import it so we’re pretty flexible. As long as it’s structured data we can use it.Interviewer: But API or Quora or whatever, you will need to develop ones?Mike: Exactly. As soon as we have a new data source, we connect it and then we have it. It’s a bit more if it’s completely new data, like I can exchange Analytics with Web Track, that’s pretty easy, but if it is something new then we have to integrate into the other model and see where are our correlations and where do we need to put links, stuff like that. But normally it’s pretty fast.Interviewer: So it doesn’t take that much time?Mike: No, not a lot. A new API if we know the data it’s about a day or two. We have to integrate new models, maybe four or five days.Richard: But it’s only once and for the customer it’s always only a few minutes of effort.Interviewer: I am just thinking on the one hand you have this subscription model where you have something 200 to 1000 Euros a month, for example, and you are not charging for the individualization, and it takes three to five days, it’s additional cost you would have to incur that you need to cover a longer period that the customer’s paying you money.Richard: But what we saw in ecommerce especially that it’s a very homogenic market. 40% of all online shops are using Magenta, for example. More than 80% are using Google Analytics. So we don’t really have a lot of variance there.Interviewer: In terms of your distinction from other competitors, there are a lot of analytics software coming out over the last two or three years, what makes yo u unique?Mike: Because we specialize in ecommerce, we have prepared a huge amount of analysis and dashboards for you, so you don’t start with a white paper with nothing on it, rather you have a functioning system which you can just use. You just get your account and log in and you can work with it, not only the BI expert who knows all the data but also the intern, for example, can access to his parts that he needs and he just sees the KPIs which are important for him. That’s one thing. Then this global filtering, no one can do that except for the very generic SaaS systems, because it is so generic that you don’t know that this order has to do with this customer. And we know it’s an order from this customer, so we can do the link. You have to do that by yourself in a lot of systems, we can do it automatically. So we connect you, and it’s working, and it is 100% there.Interviewer: Nobody else is doing this kind of global metering?Mike: They all do a very generic system. Of c ourse if you have relational data, it’s pretty easy to match them. For example, Magenta is not very relational, there’s a lot of crazy tables, and if you put in a very generic system you have to do a lot of work in order to make it work. And with us it is different, because we understand Magenta, we understand the data model, we can just do it automatically.Interviewer: As I understand, you have different target groups you want to offer your services to, like startups such as Amorelie and Lesara. Are there any other specific criteria for selecting the target group?Richard: We can connect every shop or shop-like system which is transactional based. It doesn’t matter what you sell, shoes or events or something, everything will work. As to how big the customer is, it doesn’t matter whether it’s a startup or a big online shop, we can do it. Technologically we have a high speed database, but from the sales approach we are more targeting the smaller and not the enterprise field because there are a lot of big, strong players, and the sales cycle itself is just longer.Interviewer: How do you acquire those customers?Richard: We have different acquisition channels. One is very classical, it’s just direct sales, calling over the phone. One is content marketing, we’re trying out building educational content, especially what are the best KPIs for ecommerce, etc.Interviewer: Like a blog or…Richard: Yeah, kind of whitepapers, blogs, yeah. The third channel, which is interesting, which we are working on at the moment, are multipliers. For example, IT agencies, a lot of them asking us, because they already have ecommerce customers, they’re building the shop system for them, but they often get asked whether they can also build a business intelligence solution, but it’s a whole different field, it’s not their core competency, so it’s very interesting for us to work with them.Interviewer: Is this based on a revenue share model?Richard: Yes.Interviewer: Do you also have an affiliate model or something like that?Richard: Not yet, but if you refer a customer to us we can work something out.Interviewer: Tell us a little bit more about your future plans in terms of whether the product is really finished, you’ll never work on it for years, or is there something that you would love to work on in order to create more value for customers?Mike: First of all, it never stops that new shops pop up or new APIs we could connect, so that’s always a thing we can invent time in. I think there is some stuff to do on the front end. We are three technical founders but we are both backhand developers. So it’s not as beautiful as it could be. There is definitely potential, also some pretty normal frontal functionality like comparing charts, stuff like that. We have some technical debts, we know about them, and we know there is stuff we need to do in order to make it really really good. We are working on that, but it’s a bit more time, maybe some ex pertise from the outside. And it’s about atomization of course, we want to automate more stuff. Right now technical debts are there so not everything is 100% automated, and we are currently working on that, on becoming better and faster so that more tasks and can rebuild your data warehouse faster and stuff like that. There is a lot of potential to optimize, but the product itself is usable and is used every day.Interviewer: Imagine, I am a client of a BI analytics software and now you’re pitching me, “Martin, we would like to offer you our software, Wunderdata.” Then I will ask you how hard is it to switch to your product, do I need to change anything, or do I just need to pay the money and that’s it, all the rest will be done, and I have my past data, I have all the APIs working from day one.Richard: The effort on your side would be limited to a few minutes. You just need to connect the data source, but the work on our side is all automated. Then you can start working an d you wouldn’t need to train all your employees on how to use the tool, how to build the report, etc., especially when it comes to more complex KPIs like customer lifetime value, cohort analysis, etc., it’s already there. So you can really implement the tools within a few minutes and start working with it.Interviewer: Let’s talk about how you want to pursue creating the competitive advantage? I totally understand that you have this more specific kind of framework for matching different data sources and creating data of that, which others don’t have, because they only fit the generic model. Is this something that is the core value of your software, or is there something else you would like to develop for creating value to shop owners?Richard: We’ll go even further in automating the whole experience, not only in terms of information and data but also a little bit â€" I can’t go into this too deep â€" but we believe that if you want to implement data driver culture in a com pany it is very, very important that it will to grow more and more, then you need a tool which is super-easy to use, so everyone from the CEO to intern can use it from the first minute. And then, and only then, you will have a data driven culture and you won’t have any presentation meetings of some bullshits storytelling, you will only look at the data and then make the right decisions.Interviewer: What is the typical lifetime of a customer. Assuming I am subscribing to your service, how many months am I typically a user of your service?Richard: Statistically speaking for eternity, because no one’s gone so far. That’s very good. But on the other hand we are pretty good for a startup that launched several months ago.Interviewer: If it keeps like that, that’s awesome.Richard: Definitely, yeah.Interviewer: We always try to share some insights and advice to first-time entrepreneurs, what will be your top one or two advice that you could give to first-time entrepreneurs so they m ake less errors?Richard: One important is not to underestimate the amount of time it takes to close a deal, because on B2C you can test out very very fast a feature or your whole product, but on B2B it can take long. We built a product which is multiple times faster implemented than the current products in the market, but it doesn’t mean that the sales cycle will shorten to the same degree. This is one thing that we learned.Interviewer: Any other lessons in terms of product development?Mike: In general we can say everything takes a bit longer than you think. It’s not only B2B, it’s cycle, it’s everything, raising money, everything you cannot influence directly, you can’t rush it. As soon as you depend on other people, it’s always like you have to wait and they have other stuff to do and it is weeks and months sometimes, so it’s frustrating if you don’t plan for it from the beginning. You think you’re going to do this and this, and that takes a week, and then at the end it’s not like that, as soon you’re not the only one involved. So that’s something we learned the hard way to be honest in the first month, and it’s frustrating sometimes.Interviewer: But right from the start your product was the same product marketed or was there some kind of iterative process where you learnt along the way what the customers really wanted, and how did you approach that?Mike: We built a prototype which worked, which was not perfect but had the basic functionality we wanted to build, and then we brought in first customers to learn from them, and their feedback was very valuable because you don’t see all the stuff they do. We knew the ways to do it, for example, but then some stuff Amorelie did different, like Lesera is more focused on sourcing than Amorelie on marketing, so you can learn from the first customers very much, and you have to really integrate them, and get the feedback fast, and then move fast, and adapt it to them. That was very good.Inte rviewer: Great. Mike and Richard, thank you very much for your time.Mike: Thank you very much.Richard: Thanks.

The Problem of Swearing in Classrooms by Teachers and Students

The Problem of Swearing in Classrooms by Teachers and Students People have different attitudes, mindsets and outlooks in life. Most of these behavioral traits arise from their upbringing. Children normally learn by seeing what their parents do and copy them to a large extent. They don’t respond to instruction as much as they do to visual examples. When the father smokes, the child would end up smoking too, even if the father instructs the child against the habit. Thus, children are more influenced by what their parents do rather than what they say. If parents want their children to behave well, they should show this behavior on their own example and not just by instructions. Many of the behavioral problems that we encounter among pupils at school today arise from these causes. Of course, there could be a number of other reasons too, but faulty upbringing is one of the biggest causes of these problems. Such kids not only cause problems in the classroom, but also influence other kids who are well behaved. They might talk loudly, swear and create a lot of distractions in class, which could ruin the entire atmosphere. Anyway, swearing among students could be forgiven for this is not completely their fault. But when some teachers indulge in this activity, it becomes more serious. Just like parents, teachers are looked upon as role models for the younger generation. Their behavior needs to be impeccable as a lot of children would be following their footsteps. Thus, when teachers swear, it can have a lot of negative consequences. Students can pick up these negative traits from them and grow up to be problem individuals. Therefore, this issue needs to be addressed immediately, and appropriate actions have to be taken to eliminate the problem. Essay Example From WriteMyPapers.org You Can Rely on! You can consider this essay as an example of the work. It is completely original as it was accomplished by one our writers from scratch without any ideas being copied from anywhere. You can easily rely on this sample as a pattern to show you how the work may be completed. Nevertheless, please be careful while taking any ideas from it, because plagiarizing any phrases may be crucial for your work. We are sure that you know how plagiarism is treated at schools and that all the works are checked by means of the special tools. This essay discusses the problem of swearing in the classroom and reveals the consequences it may have for both children and teachers. The topic is currently a burning issue and our writer did his best to write it in the most correct way possible. If you need to compose a work on the similar topic you can take some ideas from it and write them in your own words. Again, avoid plagiarizing. When your essay must tell about any other problem and on any other subject, you can ask for our quick help. We work round-the-clock and it will be no problem for us to get an order from you at any time of the day or night. You will be asked to provide us with as many details you have about your assignment as possible. This will help us make an essay for you perfect as for the content and the idea it must render to the reader. Need to write in any special citation style? Thats fine. We know all the tricks of any of them and are ready to find the most suitable writer to meet your deadline as soon as we get an order request from you. You may be totally safe with us, because we will never make it public that you required our writing help. Ready? Then proceed with an order form on the website!

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay What You Don't Know About Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay Students should include their private statement within the program, and we ask students to incorporate the reasons they're seeking to pursue an MBA and their. Take a look at the CAPA Dublin program. The writing in a few of these statements is a bit dry, and many deploy no less than a few cliches. It might be worth considering checking out templates for personal statements so that you will get a notion on the best way to structure your paper. In writing unity is excellent writing. Focus on themes and specific goal statements as an alternative to attempting to supply a biography. There's no need to inform the entire story initially or offer any useless particulars. Regardless of what school, or what kind of statement you require, we can supply you with the assistance you're searching for. It's q uite simple to use together with self explanatory. With assistance from a skilled and skilled professional personal statement writer you can avoid spending time and get even greater results than you might have hoped! Permit the committee know that you're passionate about caring for others. If you're asking for a scholarship or maybe to obtain admission into a program or school, the committee not only wishes to observe how well you're able to articulate your ideas, but also would like you to convince them which you deserve the scholarship or a location in their program. Consequently, MBA programs want future leaders that have a strong desire to earn a positive effect on earth. The XYZ Engineering program has historically been and is still a leader in the discipline of innovation. The Ultimate Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay Trick If you succeed, you will probably increase your odds of being accepted by one of the best small business schools. My long-term goals I would like to achieve are to relocate, buy a home out of New York and purchase a completely new car. Working for a significant company has ever been my dream. At this time you might believe that magically solved each of the problems a family can have. All About Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay Sometimes you try to do your best and even then you're not able to score well in your home tasks. It's possible to write a career summary, highlighting a couple of vital achievements. If you don't have volunteer experience, maybe you could write about personal experiences that have motivated your application. There are many career choices offered in the health care field. The Little-Known Secrets to Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay No matter your purpose, before you start to write, consider your audience. My short-term goals include advancing my understanding of quantitative research using I read your private statement with fantastic i nterest. Planning a quick term and long-term goal sheet is going to be to your benefit. The purpose of experiencing a career goal statement is to supply you with a crystal clear and inspiring direction for the future. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you want to contact. You wish to utilize your essay for a tool to demonstrate why you need to go to their school, versus simply stating why you would like to go there. You may easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. Actually, should you need a personalized essay for scholarship feel free to get in touch with AdvancedWriters writing service. Now you can purchase genuine college essay online, one that is going to fit your financial plan and get your work done too. Just like any essay, a strong conclusion is essential. As soon as you receive a task done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. Ruthless Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay Strategies Exploited 1 effective means to commence an MBA career goals essay is to start with a crystal clear overview of short-term and long-term career objectives. Someone who reviews your CV needs to be in a position to see several examples which demonstrate how you are endeavouring to pursue your target. You will probably be passionate about your career objectives. Take into consideration your upcoming career objectives and ask questions. Custom writing means a significant company with high standards. It is a gift that comes naturally. Writing quality essays is the principal purpose of our services. Writing a sup erb nursing school essay is quite important to getting your application considered and accepted. For some applicants, simply getting into a fantastic nursing school is the most significant element. A good deal of individuals start there careers as a medical care assistant and decide they wish to move up into nursing. Your own personal statement should incorporate the long-term goals you've got for you career in nursing. To begin with, don't compose a typical nursing personal statement. There are quite a lot of tasks an assistant handles. If you are prepared to advance your academic career and earn a significant step towards your professional objectives, by submitting an application for an MBA program, then you can be on your way to the career you've always wanted. If your aim is to aid children or if you prefer to advance your degree to develop into a specialty nurse, express this. Career goals for nurses are determined by the person. Definitions of Nursing School Personal Goal Statement Samples Essay Should you're confused regarding what things you have to include and emphasize in your resume, and what things to avoid at all price, there are plenty of websites you could discover on the Internet that provide tutorials on the best way to compose a resume, along with free resume examples. These days, there are a lot of fonts to select from that it could possibly get complicated as to which has to be used for a resume. No matter a superior template, however, yo u might not have a good handle on where to begin. There are loads of totally free watch statement templates you will download online, but the huge majority of them are crap!

Student Information System Free Essays

Today, in most countries, computers and other IT resources are deployed by institutions of learning to facilitate the dissemination, access and management of information. This project evaluates and analyzes the processes, technology and methodologies implemented in the development of a web-based information system termed â€Å"Electronic Student Management System† (E-SMS) to solve the basic problems of the manual method used by the administrators and staff of secondary schools in Nigeria ————————————————- Information Technology is widely used for faster and easier way of recording student information. It is also used in managing the operation undertaken by the school. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a great help to every school that undergoes with different difficulties within recording the students information. Almost all schools and other institutions, computers have significant impact in their works. People rely on computer for efficient and effective way to handle different loads and tasks. ————————————————- In today’s generation, we are engaged in highly computerized technology aiming to enhance individual lifestyle and most especially in the world of business. The manual system is now considered obsolete after the birth of the computerized system. Computerized S. I. S is now very common today’s generation. The current system of the EMCSI that they are using now is a manual paper based system and this system is a computerized student†¦ Coping with the electronic revolution left institution in a dilemma with very meager options except to follow and adopt the changes. Students preferred to have guide and easy transaction like release of records, enrolment and many more. These are demands that institutions should cope up with. They need technology which should do the work for them. What they need is a program or a system where they would simply press or click button and all the necessary information about a person will be provided. Additionally, much of the software used in previous student information systems and school administration worked on an outdated code base and had a curious mix of presentation, businesses and data accessibility. The advantage of having a student management system was missing as it was not possible to integrate any of the campus- based activities within the systems. Thus, educational institutions were looking for a web- based solution such as a student information system or an intelligent student information system with an inbuilt mechanism to meet the requirements of student- related information management as well as to serve the purpose of a school management system. Furthermore, they were looking forward to a complete package on student information management system from a single programmer. Student Information Systems (SIS) manages student records and information. A Student Information System provides a capability to view the student records. It includes student status, grades and the remaining accounts. A Student Information System helps schools mange various operations including student data, accounts, and viewing grades on previous semester. SIS is different from Course or Learning Management System (CMS or LMS). A SIS allows for the quick and accessible flow of information. A Student Information System provides fastest and efficient work job to the personnel and staff with useful tools to automate the daily routine of simple tasks ————————————————- CHAPTER I RESEARCH PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Notably,  student information system or SIS incurs such application software designed for educational establishments to manage student data. Student information systems provide capabilities for entering student test and other assessment scores, building student schedules, tracking student attendance as well as managing many other student-related data needs within the institution university. Thus, many of these systems applied in the Philippines can be scaled to different levels of activity and can be configured by their home institutions to meet local needs. Moreover, before universities have created their own bespoke student record systems, but with growing complexity in the business of educational establishments, organizations now choose to buy customizable within the shelf software. It can be that, modern student information systems are usually server-based, ith the application residing on central computer server and are being accessed by client applications at various places within and even outside the school. During the year 1990s, student information systems have been changing and are fast adopted through the presence of a web medium as a channel for accessing SIS without any hassle upon viewing student details and information. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study deals with the Proposed Claro M. Recto High School Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions: 1. What are the problems encountered by the system of the students’ information system in terms of services? 2. How do the above to be improved? 3. Is the proposed system can really make solution for these problems? 4. Does the computer based system can help the school to make                      Collection process fast and ease? How to cite Student Information System, Essays Student Information System Free Essays string(34) " from the business point of view\." ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all we would like to thank program director Mr. Satya Bahadur Shrestha and our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for providing us with an opportunity to do our project work on â€Å"Student Information System† as part of our syllabus. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now We are heartily indebted to our subject teacher Mr. Keshav Poudel for his constant support and guidance throughout this project. It was his valuable suggestions that helped us to cope up with emerging obstacles during the development of this project. Group Members Ashish Shahi Sanjay Maharjan Sulashyana Shrestha TABLE OF CONTENT Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. 1. Introduction about the Project 2. 2. Objectives 2. 3. Scope of the Project 2. SYSTEM STUDY 3. 4. Existing System 3. 5. Disadvantage 3. 6. Proposed System 3. 7. Advantage of the Proposed System 3. 8. Problem Definition and Description 3. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 4. 9. Package Selected 4. 10. Resources Required 4. 11. Feasibility Study 4. 12. 1. Operational Feasibility 4. 12. 2. Technical Feasibility 4. 12. 3. Economic Feasibility 4. 12. Functional Requirement 4. 13. Non Functional Requirement 4. 14. Use Case 4. 15. Sequence Diagram 4. 16. Project Scheduling . SYSTEM DESIGN 5. 17. Process Diagram 5. 18. Entity Relationship 5. TESTING 6. 19. Testing 6. 20. 4. Unit Testing 6. 20. 5. Integration Testing 6. 20. 6. System Testing 6. CONCLUSION 7. 20. Summary of the Project 7. 21. Future Work INTRODUCTION Introduction about the Project Nowadays technology has reached its highest level and is in the phase of developing more with the new innovations. Student†™s Information System (SIS) is an important aspect of any educational institute. The information about the student’s overall performance is important as to generate student’s progress report. Still different colleges record student’s performance report on the paper. Although records can be recorded on the paper manually, but this process is time consuming activity. With the advancement of technology, computerized techniques are more useful and consume less time compared to paper work. Hence computerized techniques should be used in colleges to record and access student’s data which is more effective and efficient to use. The Student Information System is aimed to computerize the record keeping system as to make the job easier for the college administrators. 1. 2 Objectives The main objective of this project is to develop software that helps in easy access of the information about the student, their overall performance in one click. Our system is focused to make a web based SIS which makes the work of measuring student’s performance easier and efficient. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while maintaining its main objective to access student’s performance report. * Ensures that end users have input the design process. * Accomplish project goals and objective within defined budget and time parameters. To implement a computer based program as to make the work effective and efficient. Scope of the Project As discussed above this project is based on developing software that is capable of finding student’s performance report. The system will be able to show student’s performance report. This system will help to reduce the effort to record the entire student’s performance data in files. This system will save time and increase efficiency. This project is purely based on the research and along with the study and requirement of this project in academic field. 2. SYSTEM STUDY 2. 1 Existing System The existing system of managing SIS in the college is based on the file recording system. The recording method of this system is totally based on file system and the data about the students are recorded in a file and to search the performance graph about a student the files are to be searched according to the student’s semester. 2. 2 Disadvantage The existing system is very time consuming and is not effective as it is based on the file recording system. To search one student’s report all the existing files are to be searched. Modification and updating process is hazard, which is time consuming and inefficient. . 3 Proposed System The system we are about to make is a web based system dealing with the Student Information System. Particularly it is based on the activities related to the recording and accessing the student’s performance report. The proposed system is a computerized system which will be much more effective than the filing system. 2. 4 Advantage of the Proposed System As the system is a computerized system, it will reduce the effort to record the student’s progress report on the files. It will also save time in recording, managing and accessing the student’s data. 2. 5 Problem Definition and Description In any academic institute student’s information is an important aspect as it is related to the institute and the student studying in it. The student’s information about their overall performance in their academic career is essential and it is to be recorded in a proper way, so that the necessary information can be access when required. Our system Student Information System (SIS) is focused make a computerized system that records the student’s performance information. The main intention is to provide a system with suitable efficiency and accuracy while recording, managing and accessing the recorded data along with appropriate speed. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3. 1 Packages Selected The package used in the development of our system is Java Net Bin. 3. 2 Resources Required 3. 2. 1 Hardware Requirement Hardware: PC compatible with a Intel Pentium- III processor RAM: 1-GB RAM Hard disk: 20-GB 3. 2. 2 Software Requirement Operating System: Windows 2000 Professional Software: jdk 1. 7. 0_02, jre 7 Front End: Java Back End: MySQL 3. 3 Feasibility Study We made our estimation on whether the system is able to satisfy the user’s need using the software/hardware technologies being used in the developing the system. We made our study on the basis of cost effectiveness of the proposed system from the business point of view. You read "Student Information System" in category "Essay examples" Considering the time and cost the feasibility study were made and further detailed analysis was done. The study is based on the following: * Whether the system contributed to the main objective of the project * Whether the system can be engineered using current technology and within budget and schedule constraints. 3. 3. 1 Operational feasibility We made our study on the basis of the operational factors of the system. Our system is feasible on the operational environment as well. The users who are going to operate on this system will able to understand the system and can use it easily by some training. 3. 3. 2 Technical feasibility The hardware and software used in this system are easily available in the current technical environment so it is easy to use and feasible with our system. Due to technical feasibility further changes can be performed easily. 3. 3. 3 Economic Feasibility Our system is economically feasible as it is under our budgetary constraints. This system is cost effective because * The tools and technologies used for this system are free for non commercial use. This system provides quality of information and the ease of access to the information required. The system can prove effective and efficient and can establish itself as valuable assets for the one who implements it. 3. 4 Functional Requirement The system provides a web base where a large number of pages are crawled for a particular domain and are stored. The statement of services that ou r system provides as the systems functional requirements are as follows * The administrator would be able to insert, delete, modify and update the records based on student’s the performance. The system would be able to display all the recorded performance information about the student. 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements * Usability Our system will provide the web interface to the end users with the optimum user- friendliness so that they can get accustomed while operating the system. * Reliability The system developed will be able to meet the expectations of the user as well as, it would be reliable to matchup with the existing products * Performance Our system shall return the matched documents from its web base within considerable amount of time. Security Our system provides a web interface, so in order to make the system secure, any user needs to get authenticated. This would help the system be free from spamming and other kinds of attacks. 3. 6 Project scheduling | Gantt Ch art| | | | | Days| 1-5 days| 6-10 days| 11-15 days| 16-20 days| 21-25 days| 26-30 days|   | | | | | | | Activities| | | | | | | Planning|   | | | | |   | Feasibility study| |   |   | | |   | System analysis| | |   |   | |   | System design| | |   |   | |   | Coding| | |   |   |   |   | Testing| | |   |   |   |   | Implementation|   |   |   |   |   |   | The above Gantt chart represents the activities conducted by our team members and the days required to complete all the activities. The activities performed were planning which required five days, feasibility study which required ten days from day 6 to day 15, database design, and interface design required ten days from day 11 to day 20, coding would require ten days, testing would require five days from days and lastly implementation would also require five days from days. As this project is based on the design of the Student Information System, coding system testing and implementation was not conducted but duration was separated for these activities as well. 4. SYSTEM DESIGN 4. 1 System Design 4. 2 Design Description 4. 2. 1 Use Case The use case defines a goal oriented set of interaction between external actors and the system under consideration. Actors are parties outside the system that interact with the system. In SIS actors are the users. Use case diagram of Student Information System Insert records Delete records Update records Search required record View records record Administrator User 4. 2. 2 Sequence diagram for â€Å"Student Information System† 2. Accept password 1. Enter Password Display System Information System Login System 3. System Access 4. Display Record 5. Display require information to the user User Fig: Sequence Diagram for Student Information System 4. 2. 3 Architectural Process Diagram Fail Pass Add Delete Edit Edit Delete Submit Exit Report Action Exit Operation Performance Info Student Info Student Informationon 4. 3 Entity Table: Table name: Student Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_Id| Integer| 20| Primary Key| S_name| Varchar| 20| -| S_semester| Integer| 20| -| S_phone| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Result Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| S_name| Varchar| 20| -| S_marks| Integer| 20| -| Table name: Login Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Username| Varchar| 20| -| Password| Varchar| 20| -| Time| Varchar| 20| -| Table name: Administrator Attributes| Data type| Length| Constraints| Admin_Id| Integer| 20| Primary key| Admin_name| Varchar| 20| -| 4. 4 Entity Diagram Student S_name S_Id S_phone S_semester Fig 4. 3. 1. Entity diagram for student Result S_name Marks Fig 4. 3. 2. Entity diagram for result Username Password Time Login Fig 4. 3. 3. Entity diagram for login Admin_Id Admin_name Admin Fig 4. 3. 4. Entity diagram for Admin 4. 4. 1 ER-Diagram of â€Å"Student Information System† Login Admin Student Result Attend Performs Records Performs 4. 5 Context Diagram: Update info Marks Student details Administrator Student information system Student Id Semester result Student Login details 5. TESTING 5. 1 Testing Our system has been tested throughout the design of the system. As testing is important part of the system development process, we have tested the system throughout the design phase rather than testing the system after the complete development. The following tests are to be done during the system development 5. 1. 1. Unit Testing We will have to test each and every small units of our system. The source code of our system would be divided into modules, which in turn would be divided into small parts called units having their specific behavior. From the unit testing we will come to know if the combination of the units leads to the fulfillment of the software requirements or not. 5. 1. 2. Integration Testing In this testing we will combine the modules and test it as a group. Modules would be typically code modules, individual applications, client server application in the network, etc. Integration testing follows unit testing and precedes system testing. 5. 1. 3. System testing As there are the possibilities of different unexpected errors to occur after integration so the system testing would be done. The system would be tested to check whether it met its requirements and ensure the known and predictable results. System testing would be based on the process description, emphasizing pre-driven process links and integration points. 6. CONCLUSION 6. 1 Summary of the Project Managing student’s performance information is a very important activity of any educational institute. This project is aimed to develop a computerized Student Information System that helps to make recording and accessing the information easy and effective. Subsequent numbers of lectures were reviewed before starting the project. Then further steps were taken such as system study, system’s feasibility and many others considerations. Though the system needs some improvements and future enhancement is also a challenging task, the overall outcome of the project is expected in its design considerations. Enormous knowledge has been gained throughout the project. The importances of background research, system study, requirement analysis different methodologies were learnt. Also implementing techniques, testing have been exercised. Thus we hope our system provides appropriate nformation to the users according to the chosen service and would help to reduce unnecessary time managing the repots on the paper. 6. 2 Future Work Our Student Information System has many aspects that can be upgraded with future works. There are different future possibilities that the system can enhance its features in terms of the technology and design. In order to make even more effective and efficient use of the system the user inter face can be developed in a more interactive way and technological changes can be made. As per the time, knowledge and necessity the system scan be made better in future. How to cite Student Information System, Essay examples

Work Motivation And Work Engag... free essay sample

Christain, Ghaza and Slaughter (2011), Kahn (1990) and May, Gilson and Harter (2004) linked motivation and employee engagement. Many studies found indirect relationship between motivation and employee engagement. Motivation and employee engagement result in increased firm productivity and employee performance, most scholars have linked motivation and engagement to high profit and employee performance. Intrinsic motivation has also been linked with employee engagement from organizational and contextual factors, but little empirical evidence support this statement (Deci Ryan, 1985; Chalofsky Krishna, 2009, p. 189-190).WORK MOTIVATION AND HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEINGDiener and Suh (1997) note that the central elements of well-being are based on peoples most important values and goals: subjective well-being is most likely to be experienced when people work for and make progress towards personal goals that derive from their important values. Goal conflict or ambivalence, on the other hand, is associated with diminished well-being (Diener et al. 1999).WORK ENGAGEMENT AND AFFECTA study done by Rayton (2012) established that work engagement mediates the relationship between employee affect and job performance while playing no role in the determination of employee intention to quit. We will write a custom essay sample on Work Motivation And Work Engag or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page WORK ENGAGEMENT AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCERavichandran et al. (2011) conducted a study taking 119 information technology employees and examined that there is a weak but positive correlation between emotional intelligence and work engagement. It indicates that emotional intelligence influences engagement of an employee up to a certain limit.HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEING AND COMPASSIONThe results of the research done by Mongrain, Chin ; Shapira (2010) suggest that practicing compassion can provide lasting improvements in happiness and self esteem, and may be beneficial for anxious individuals in the short run.HAPPINESS AND WELL-BEING AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCEA meta-analysis done by Alvarez (2014) includes studies concerning the relationships between emotional intelligence (EI) and subjective well-being (SWB). The results provided evidence of a positive significant relationship between EI and SWB (?  =  0.32). Palmer et al., (2002) have identified a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among Spanish undergraduates. Furthermore, Augusto et al. (2008) Extremera ; Fernandez- Berrocal (2006) and Gohm and Clore, (2002) have also identified positive relationships between emotional intelligence and psychological well-being in their studies.AFFECT AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCEJordan, Ashkanasy, Hartel, and Cooper (2002) probed the linkage of EI and work states related to emotional processes and argued that employees with high emotional intelligence experience less negative emotional reactions than their low counterparts. Moreover, individuals with higher EI facilitate greater positive affect because of their greater capacity to perceive and reason around emotions (Mayer ; Salovey, 1997). Some other studies have demonstrated that EI is a correlate of positive affect (Extremera, ; Rey, 2016; Lopes, Grewal, Kadis, Gall, ; Salovey, 2006; Schutte, Malouff, Simunek, McKenley, ; Hollander, 2002).COMPASSION AND EIIn a study done by Beauvais, Andreychik ; Henkel (1994) results showed that whereas higher levels of emotional intelligence, empathy for others positive emotions, and empathy for others negative emotions were associated with greater compassion satisfaction, only higher levels of emotional intelligence and empathy for positive emotions were associated with reduced fatigue and burnout.

Hydrogen Bond Examples in Chemistry

Hydrogen Bond Examples in Chemistry Hydrogen bonds occur when a hydrogen atom undergoes dipole-dipole attraction to an electronegative atom. Usually, hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. Sometimes the bonding is intramolecular, or between atoms of a molecule, rather than between atoms of separate molecules (intermolecular).   Examples of Hydrogen Bonds Here is a list of molecules that exhibit hydrogen bonding: water  (H2O): Water is  an excellent example of hydrogen bonding. The bond is between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of another water molecule, not between the two hydrogen atoms (a common misconception). How this works is that the polar nature of the water molecule means each hydrogen atom experiences attraction to both the oxygen its bound to and to the non-hydrogen side of the oxygen atoms of other water molecules. Hydrogen bonding in water results in the crystal structure of ice, making it less dense than water and able to float.chloroform  (CHCl3): Hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen of one molecule  and carbon of another molecule.ammonia (NH3): Hydrogen bonds form between hydrogen of one molecule and nitrogen of another. In the case of ammonia, the bond that forms is very weak because each nitrogen has one lone electron pair. This type of hydrogen bonding with nitrogen also occurs in methylamine.acetylacetone  (C5H8O2): Intramolecular   hydrogen bonding occurs between hydrogen and oxygen. DNA:  Hydrogen bonds form between base pairs. This gives DNA its double helix shape and makes replication of the strands possible, as they unzip along the hydrogen bonds.nylon:  Hydrogen bonds are found between the repeating units of the polymer.hydrofluoric acid (HF): Hydrofluoric acid forms what is called a symmetric hydrogen bond, which is stronger than the regular hydrogen bond. This type of bond also forms in formic acid.proteins:  Hydrogen bonds result in protein folding, which helps the molecule maintain stability and assume a functional configuration.polymers:  Polymers that contain carbonyl or amide groups can form hydrogen bonds. Examples include urea and polyurethane and the natural polymer cellulose. Hydrogen bonding in these molecules increases their tensile strength and melting point.alcohol:  Ethanol  and other alcohols contain hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and oxygen.

Differences in Spanish and English Spelling

Differences in Spanish and English Spelling If you can spell in English, you have a head start with spelling in Spanish. After all, thousands of words are English-Spanish cognates, words in both languages that are spelled identically or similarly because they share common origins. For the English speaker learning Spanish as a second language, most of these words pose little problem in spelling, as the differences between the two languages usually follow regular patterns. Below are listed the most common regular differences in spelling as well as a selection of words whose differences dont fit these patterns. The emphasis here is on words that are likely to cause spelling problems, not ordinary differences in the languages such as radio for the English radium and dentista for dentist. Differences in Prefixes and Suffixes English -tion as the equivalent of Spanish -cià ³n: Hundreds of words fit this pattern. The English nation is nacià ³n in Spanish, and perception is percepcià ³n. Use of inms include inmadurez (immaturity), inmaterial, and inmigracià ³n. Use of trass include trasplantar and trascender. However, there are many Spanish words where both tras- and trans- are acceptable. Thus both trasferir and transferir (transfer) are used, as are both trasfusià ³n and transfusià ³n. Differences in Specific Letters Avoidance of k in Spanish: Except for a few Greek words (such as kilà ³metro and some words of other foreign origin such as kamikaze and various place names), Spanish cognates of English words with a k usually use a c or qu. Examples include quimioterapia (chemotherapy) and Corea. Some words are spelled both ways: caqui and kaki are both used for khaki, and both bikini and biquini are used. Lack of th in Spanish: Cognates of English words with a th usually use a t in Spanish. Examples are tema (theme), metano (methane), ritmo (rhythm) and metodista (Methodist). Avoidance of y as a vowel: Except for some recently imported words such as byte and sexy, Spanish usually doesnt use y as a vowel except in diphthongs, so i is used instead. Examples include hidrà ³geno (hydrogen), dislexia , and gimnasta (gymnast). Use of cua and cuo instead of qua and quo: Examples include ecuador (equator) and cuota. Dropping of Englishs silent letters: Commonly, the h in English words is dropped in the Spanish equivalents, as in ritmo (rhythm) and gonorrea (gonorrhea). Also, it is common in modern Spanish to not use ps- to start words. Thus sicolà ³gico is used for psychologist, although the older forms such as  psicolà ³gico are still used. (The cognate of psalm is always salmo.) Use of ess include especial, està ©reo, escaldar (scald), escuela (school), and esnobismo (snobbery). Use of f for the English ph: Examples include elefante, foto, and Filadelfia. Other Common Differences Avoidance of double letters in Spanish: Except for recent words of foreign origin (such as express), the use of rr and, less commonly, the use of cc (where the second c is followed by i or e), Spanish generally doesnt use double letters in English cognates. Thus the English libretto is libreto in Spanish, possible is posible, and illegal is ilegal. Examples of rr or cc in cognates include accià ³n, acceso, and irrigacià ³n. One Spanish word that doesnt fit this pattern is perenne (perennial). Avoidance of hyphenation in Spanish: Hyphens arent used as much in Spanish as they are in English. An example is that while some styles of English uses hyphens in words such as re-edit and re-encounter, Spanish does not in the equivalents: reeditar and reencontrar (the latter of which can also be spelled as rencontrar). Simplification in Spanish: A number of words, particularly ones whose English spellings come from French, have more phonetic spellings in Spanish. For example, bureau is burà ³ and chauffeur is chà ³fer or chofer, depending on the region. B and V: B and V have identical sounds in Spanish, and there are a few words where the English and Spanish cognates use opposite letters. Examples include govern and gobernar, and Basque and vasco. Words that dont fit other patterns: Following are some other easy-to-misspell words that dont fit any of the above patterns. The Spanish word is in boldface followed by the English word in parentheses. Note that in a few cases the Spanish word doesnt have the same meaning, or has other meanings, than the English word listed. abril (April)adjetivo (adjective)asamblea (assembly)automà ³vil (automobile)billà ³n (billion)caà ±on (canyon)carrera (career)circunstancia (circumstance)confort (comfort)coraje (courage)coronel (colonel)diciembre (December)à ©nfasis (emphasis)erradicar (eradicate)espionaje (espionage)etcà ©tera (et cetera)femenino (feminine)garaje (garage)glaciar (glacier)gorila (gorilla)gravedad (gravity)huracn (hurricane)Irak (Iraq)jamà ³n (ham)jeroglà ­ficos (hieroglyphics)jirafa  (giraffe)jonrà ³n (home run)lenguaje (language)mensaje (message)millà ³n (million)(canyon)mà ³vil (mobile)noviembre (November)objeto, objetivo (object, objective)octubre (October)pasaje (passage)proyecto (project)septiembre or setiembre (September)siniestro (sinister)subjuntivo (subjunctive)tamal (tamale)trayectoria (trajectory)vagabundo (vagabond)vainilla  (vanilla)yogur or yogurt (yogurt)

Philosophy of Life after Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Philosophy of Life after Death - Essay Example This paper illustrates that, first, the concept of dualism makes one belief in life after death. Dualism is a belief that people exist in both material and nonmaterial nature, which seem to be independent of each other. According to Taylor, dualists argue that human beings consist of body and soul, the latter being the center if the character and mental element. In dualist, thinking the body is less significant since it is only a carrier of the soul, which survives after the end of the body. Some activities in our lives, for instance, to detect, to will, to consider are totally independent of the physical being, which makes sense in believing in dualism. Descartes, as quoted in seven oaks philosophy website, argues, â€Å"considered the human soul simple, indivisible and indestructible, and thus able to maintain its existence after the death of the body†. One will tend to ask what form a body will take on the next life now that the body is no more. Dualism assumes that life af ter death is continuous and that souls and spirits no longer live in bodies. One measure to self is a solid form, which one must bear even after death. Therefore, dualism fails in this criterion in that the afterlife form do not have bodies to connect with, which means they acquire different forms all together. In the resurrection, Christians believe that sinners get their punishments in purgatory and the saints enjoy in heaven. The inquiry one will ask is how a sinner in the spirit body will feel the pain inflicted on him in hell, or how a saint will enjoy without the physical form. These questions arise because pleasure and pain come to the physical body and not to the soul. Assumptions in dualism prove that there is no life after death. Secondly, the philosophical believes of materialism is not a strong enough support in life after death. In materialism, persons are assumed to rejuvenate and receive the same type of body after death. The lives lived by the resurrected persons com pares with their early life on earth in many ways. They live in a perfect world where they do all they want: good food, walk on bright paths, do not become ill, do not sin, and they have ample possessions. The major concern that arises is how the older person compares to the new person. Can we still prove it is the same person? According to Barnes as quoted in seven oaks philosophical website, â€Å"we cannot imagine ourselves living in heaven or paradise and still being ourselves: if our flaws are corrected, our disabilities removed, our needs and wants to be satisfied, are we still in any meaningful sense the same person?† Assumptions in a materialistic approach to resurrection fail to meet the criterion of identity. The transformation of the persons who die to the new heavenly body without flaws, disabilities, or needs means that the two bodies are two entities altogether. To me, the process of life after death is an impossibility through resurrection. Consider a human bei ng who is a cannibal.

Finicail management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finicail management - Essay Example The proposed orthopedic unit will offer integrated and comprehensive services covering the entire gamut of orthopedic and spine injury treatment, and total joint replacement programs. The elements will include pre-surgical education, diagnosis, elective surgical and non-surgical treatment, post surgical care and rehabilitation, and assistance in ongoing management of the condition. This unit is being mooted as a unique center that will provide comprehensive treatment and services through the joint efforts of a team of competent medical and paramedical staff, in a manner that no other hospital in the area provides. The center will be recognized as one that provides a continuum of these services with a focus on safety, comfort, and predictable outcomes. Orthopedic and spine disease and injury treatments involve a number of initiatives that include pre-operative education, diagnosis, surgical and non-surgical treatment, post operative rehabilitation, and ongoing management of illnesses and injuries. Englewood Hospital and Medical Center has most of these elements, which at present are not integrated. Integrating these services and offering a comprehensive program will help patients receive comfortable, safe and complete care and treatment. Such integration will also help EHMC to offer total joint replacement programs. The proposed center – the joint center of excellence – will integrate therapies and introduce a new marketable program in the community that would provide unique advantages to those requiring orthopedic and spine disease treatments and joint replacement. With proper promotion, such a program is expected to generate substantial interest, and result in increase in volume of in-patient cases. The advantage to the patients will be the availability of a state-of-the-art center that will meet all their needs related to orthopedic treatment, and ensure maximum comfort and

Supplier Relationship Management

Supplier Relationship Management An important feature of a world class organisation is the way the organisation has been able to develop and link its suppliers with its external processes, Peter Hines, World Class Suppliers, (Pitman, 1994). Supplier relationship management can be defined as the relationship that exists between the supplier and its buyer based on long term commitments and trust with the ultimate aim to maximise the potential value of the relationship. This will include the management of different forms of supply relationships such as partnership, joint venture and vertical integration. 1.2 Importance of Supply Relationship Management The critical importance of supplier relationship types to achieve supply chain competitiveness can be viewed under the following headings: The effective use of strategic partnership Typical traditional short term relationship is characterise by irregular or one-off transactions that give rise to supply uncertainties, difficulties in choosing suppliers, and is price oriented making this type of relationship unreliable and unsupported. Organisations can move from this type of relationship towards a long term relationship known as partnership based on trust, shared goals and risks to achieve mutual benefits. Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers and Robert Johnston, Operations Management, (Pearson, 2010), define partnership as an agreement between two firms that seek to accomplish a common objective. The Japanese, James P Womack et al, the Machine That Changed the World, (Macmillan, 1990) , used the concept of partnership and lean to gain competitive advantage because they realised their partners had the expertise, the technical knowledge and were reliable. Effective partnership with suppliers made them to compete favourably in the market because of good product quality, lo w cost and reliable delivery. Therefore, firms can use this same method to rationalise their supply base and use the lean concept to produce efficiently which will lead to reduce product lead times, reduce inventory and inventory cost. The implementation of new management tools and systems A key element of supply relationship management that gives firms competitive advantage is the implementation of the lean concept of monitoring supplier performance and continuous improvement. Monitoring performance is a post-contractual procedure in which the buyer continuously keeps an eye on the supplier by either managing the suppliers activities to make sure all commitments are met or using a measurement matrix such as key performance index (KPI) to compare supplier progress and divergence from targeted objective. The overall competitive advantage is an operation that is continuously improved in terms of quality, delivery and service. In 1989, Chrysler benching against the Japanese companies, initiated the Supplier Cost Reduction Effort (SCORE) program aimed to reduce cost, quality and monitor supplier performance; Dawei Lu et al, Supply Chain Management module notes (WMG, University of Warwick, 2011). The integration of knowledge and technology to create an all new technology Integration with supplier is all about coordination. Here, the buyer and supplier come together to align their processes thus improving communication and supply chain visibility for both parties. When firms integrate their knowledge and technology they are able to meet the needs of end customers by getting the right product at the right price and quality, giving them a competitive edge. This strategy was used by Bose Corporation 1990 that led to the extension and creation of the JIT2 concept, a logical extension of JIT that eliminates waste in the system, improves communication and reduces demand variability. Efficient consumer response (ECR) to demand variability caused by the forester effect. Firms are always seeking solutions for continuous demand variation and consumer requirements. Through effective supplier and buyer collaboration, firms will be able to achieve competitive advantage by efficiently managing their supplier relationship to meet the needs of the end consumer creating a fluid inventory flow from suppliers to the consumers reducing lead times, demand variability and uncertainty. This has led to initiatives such as Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID), a tracking technology that provides real time information and location of goods. Tesco, UKs largest grocery retailer has exploited this technology strategy and is piloting pallet-level RFID to manage its logistics; Christos Tsinopoulos and Carlos Mena, Competing Supply Chain Strategy: Tesco, Aldi and Lidl, (ECCH, 2010). Increase competition amongst firms to secure and increase domestic and international market share. Domestic and international market pressures are just other facets that have pushed firms to collaborate and develop strategic partnership with suppliers to gain competitive edge. Using this approach, firms use both local and international suppliers to broaden their sourcing base, reduce product lead time, and stream line cost through cheaper, global and local sourcing alternatives. The benefits are quick response to demand variation and high availability of variety of products at reasonable price and quality. This in turn attracts a greater amount of customers and increase market share. This is a strategy which IKEA, a Swedish international furniture company has successfully used to provide quality products at reasonable price and secure a large market share both domestically and internationally. 1.3 Relationship Management Framework 1.3.1 Introduction A relationship defines an interaction between individuals, organisations and groups; Kenneth Lysons and Michael Gillingham, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (Prentice Hall, 2003). There are many possible supply chain relationship types because very few companies can operate on their own. These relationships can be categorized as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumers (B2C), consumers-to-business (C2B) and customers-to-customers (C2C). B2B relationships are most common and have been used in many approaches and models such as IMP, SCOR, HP, GSCF, Service supply chain and IUE-SSE to help explain supplier-customer interaction. 1.3.2 Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) interaction Approach The IMP interaction approach is a dynamic model of supplier-customer relationship developed in the mid 1970s by a group of five European countries and universities; IMP Group.[online].(http://www.impgroup.org/about).(Accessed 06 Feb 2011). Based on investigations of about 900 business relationships, the IMP group developed a model of an interaction process at both the firm and individual levels creating a dynamic, complex and long standing relationship rather than one based on a short term stable relationship; Bensaou M (1999), Portfolios of Buyer-Supplier Relationships, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40, 35-45. This relationship is influenced by soft factors such as power, cooperation, closeness and expectations as well as external environmental factors such as market structures, dynamism, internationalisation and position in the market. The IMP Group approach and model provide a good overview of buyer-supplier relationships and have formed the basis of other frameworks like David T. Wilson, (1995) Integrated model of Buyer-Supplier relationships, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science , Vol. 23, 335-345. 1.3.3 Supply Chain Frameworks Customer-supplier relationship management models and frameworks can also be viewed within the context of the different types of supply chain models that exhibit customer-supplier relationship management. This will include a variety of supply chain models which address customer-supplier relationships such as HP, SCOR, GSCF, and IUE-SSC model. These models identify customer-supplier relationships by adopting two differing views; product and service supply chain view. Product oriented models adopt a manufacturing approach that involves the physical movement of goods under uncertainties managed to satisfy customer demands and include the HP, SCOR and GSCF models. The Hewlett Packard (HP) model was developed by the Hewlett Packard Company as a result of spiral inventory and customer dissatisfaction the company was facing with its order fulfillment process. Lee, H. and C. Billington, (1995), The Evolution of Supply-Chain Management Models and Practice at Hewlett-Packard, Business Source Premiere, Vol. 25, 42-63, used this model to demonstrate how suppliers, manufacturers and customers are linked in the flow of goods with multiple warehouses providing inventory at each stage to buffer demand. The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model is a highly structured and broad model developed by the Supply Chain Council to measure total supply chain performance; Supply Chain Council. [Online].(http://supply-chain.org/f/SCOR%2090%20Overview%20Booklet.pdf ) (Accessed 06 Feb 2011). The SCOR model adopts a process manufacturing viewpoint and identifies supplier- customer relationships by breaking down the supply chain into links, each link made up of processes representing supplier-customer relationships. These relationships are then benchmarked using Key Performance Indicators (KPI) to assess the success within the supply chain. This model, although it improves customer satisfaction through improved supplier-customer relationships, it does not attempt to describe some elements of post delivery customer support, a critical feature of supplier-customer relationship management. The Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF) is yet another supply chain framework that adopts the process manufacturing approach and identifies supplier relationship management as one of its eight key business processes of product flow. Croxton L. Keely et al, (2001), the Supply Chain Management Processes, International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 12, 13-24, depicts this model as an end-to-end process where each process is linked and managed to interface with key customers and suppliers. This creates eight business processes among which is customer-supplier relationship management to allow the smooth flow of product within the supply chain. 1.3.4 Service Supply Models The above three models define supply chains purely from a traditional perspective of product flow. However, with the growing importance of services and service industry, Ellram et al, (2004), Understanding and Managing Service Supply Chain, The Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 40, 17-32, adapted this manufacturing approach into a new line of service thinking that uses service capacity and delivery, instead of products to classify supply chains as the key processes. This service supply model captures customer-supplier relationship via an end-to-end supplier and customer process that include capacity and demand management, cash flows and service delivery management, and just like manufacturing supply chain, customer relationship management. This is a very good approach that identifies relationship management but limited in that services are intangible and this makes them difficult to visualise and measure. A follow up to the service supply chain viewpoint is the work of Baltacioglu et al (2007), A New Framework for Service Supply Chains, Service Industries Journal, Vol. 27, 105-124, who proposed the IUE-SSC model. IUE-SSC model represents the initials of the affiliated organisation of the authors and Service Supply Chain Model. This model identifies customer-supplier relationships by breaking down supply chain into three basic parts: the supplier, the service provider and the customer. Here, the service supplied by the supplier constitutes a core and supporting service and just like the service supply chain model by Ellram et al, this model identifies a number of activities that includes some customer-supplier relationship management essential to the service supply chain. Relationship types are diverse and could either be of business type such as B2B or consumer type such as C2C. In my thinking the popularity of B2B and the historical context of consumer-supplier behaviour pushed the above mentioned authors to focus exclusively on B2B relationships in explaining customer-supplier behaviours in the models they proposed. But the general shift in consumer behaviour and the impact of globalisation and information technology should trigger a move to contemporary models of consumer-supplier relationships in business-to-consumer, consumer-to-business or consumer-to-consumer. I therefore think that the modern business world would appreciate models build around E-commerce type relationships and a move from product or service approach models that explains consumer-supplier relationship management. 1.4 Relationship Portfolio and Management Approach Conventional thinking suggests that relationships tend to vary with companies and there is no fit for all purpose relationship. A logical step after organisations are able to identify the various types of relationships is to focus on the relationship portfolio they want to build with their suppliers and to effectively manage this relationship for competitiveness. A number of methods and approaches have been adopted ranging from the various types of relationships to more analytic models such as Kraljics Purchasing/supply portfolio-analysis and the power regime. Firms have adopted different approaches to tailor the different types of relationships to fit their particular products, service or markets. These relationships tend to follow a pattern from a short term traditional arms length relationship to a new form of close and long term relationship known as partnership or vertical integration; Alan Harrison and Remko van Hoek, Logistics Management and Strategy, (Pearson, 2008). Others have viewed this trend as a continuum and included additional types such as strategic alliance and joint ventures. Depending on its strategy, a firm might adopt a range of style such as develop strategic partners by rationalising its supply base and dealing only with a few suppliers, a popular approach most firms are now adopting. It might also adopt a variety of relationships style depending on the markets and the products. The Kraljics model analyses the purchasing portfolio of a firms product into high and low supply risk and supply impact on the financial results. The end result is the segregation of products as: strategic, leverage, routine and bottlenecks as shown below; High Low Fig 1: Kraljics model Leverage products Alternate source of supply available Substitution possible Competitive bidding Strategic products Critical for products cost price Dependence on supplier Performance based partnership Routine products Large product variety High logistics complexity Labour intensive System contracting E-commerce solutions Bottleneck products Monopolistic market Large entry barriers Secure supply and search for alternatives Low Supply Risk High Source: Dawei Lu et al, Supply Chain Management module notes (WMG, University of Warwick, 2011). Using this method, management can therefore spend time and develop performance based relationships such as partnership on those suppliers whose products matter most, for example, strategic products and outsource non critical or leverage products. Bensaou M (1999), Portfolios of Buyer-Supplier Relationships, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 40, pp. 35-45 adopted a similar approach based on product and market conditions to create a supplier portfolio of our different relationship profiles; captive buyer, strategic partnership, market exchange and captive supplier. To effectively manage the relationships such as the Captive buyer and Market exchange, Bensaou suggested the use of management practices such as treating each other with respect and fair profit sharing and for strategic partners to regularly exchange information or pay frequent visit creating a social climate that is trusting and collaborative. The ABC analysis method is another commonly used technique by businesses to segment supplier relationship portfolio. Wagner S. and Johnson J. L., Configuring and Managing Strategic Supplier Portfolios, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 33, 717-730 adopted this approach using a wide range of factors such as volume, suppliers performance, supplier strategic importance, price and quality to segregate suppliers into category (Cat) A, B and C. Cat A suppliers where suppliers that supplied a total 80% volume, while Cat B supplied 15% and finally Cat C, 5%. Very little time is spent on managing and developing Cat C supplier because of their limited volume. In most cases they are used by the company as a way to reduce cost by either direct sourcing or via e-procurement. On the other hand, Cat A suppliers should be considered imperative by top management and a close relationship or partnership should be developed. This relationship can be monitored through regular and annual meetings with suppliers as well as creating an award for suppliers to maintain motivation. In addition, the buyer can invest on supplier development by either assisting or sponsoring supplier to improve performance. Another approach is that by Andrew Cox et al (2004), Managing Appropriately in Power Regimes: Relationship and Performance Management in 12 Supply Chain Cases, Supply Chain Management, an International Journal, vol. 9, 357 371, that correlates the findings of relationships and performance management strategies in power regimes. In a power regime, a business can decide on the appropriate relationship and relationship management style(s) depending on their power condition, as shown on the fig 3. Therefore, in a business deal where the buyer is dominant or has an interdependence power position, it will be better to choose a relationship approach based on supplier development. Conversely, in a supplier power regime relative to supplier dominance and/or interdependence then the option is for a supply chain management approach to be adopted. A change in the power structure in this technique will lead to a change in the relationship portfolio and this will lead to improve performance outco mes especially when either parties change their behaviour. 2.0 STRATEGIC OUTSOURCING A significant decision facing most businesses today and which have a long term impact on the firm is whether to produce internally (insourcing) or use an outside supplier (outsourcing); Robert Monczka, Robert Trent, and Robert Handfield, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, (Thomson, 2005). 2.1 Outsourcing and Supply Network Design Outsourcing, sometimes referred to as make-or-buy, is a strategy by which an organisations management decides to hand over its non-core activities to a specialised third party that can efficiently provide the service; Kenneth Lysons and Michael Gillingham, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, (Prentice Hall, 2003). Therefore, central to outsourcing is the make or buy decisions and the relationship that is formed between the purchaser and the supplier. The make or buy decision arises because organisations have come to the realisation that they cannot produce or make everything on their own and can effectively spend more time on core competence while non core competence could be outsourced. This decision to outsource or make or buy is a strategic one that will create a new supply network of suppliers and sometimes suppliers suppliers. In this new supply network, the organisation will need to adjust its operation in line with its new suppliers and, where possible, its suppliers suppliers creating a total supply network; Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers and Robert Johnston, Operations Management, (Pearson, 2010). This strategic decision to outsource brings a whole new chapter within the organisation and will prompt a key design decision; how to configure the new network and how much of the network should be retained by the organisation. This will help management to decide on how it intends to influence and manage the overall new structure . 2.2 Outsourcing Decision Process and Influencing Factors Traditionally, the main outsourcing decision process focused on cost reduction. However, the importance of outsourcing decision to an organisation competitive position has pushed many organisations to consider a number of other factors. The decision process adopted here is one adapted from Robert Monczka, Robert Trent, and Robert Handfield, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, (Thomson, 2005). 2.2.1 Planning phase The initial process in undertaking any outsourcing motive is to initiate a project of a cross functional team and define its scope and objectives. The team should identify activities to be outsourced and present to management for acceptance. Explore the Strategic Implications phase Strategic implications will mean aligning the outsourcing decision with three main factors: The companys long term plans and its impact on other activities and functions. This means if the activity that is being outsourced should disrupt the companys future plan or affects other functions, it is better off being insource. Furthermore, the decision should be in line with an understanding of the organisations core competence. If outsourced activity is not perceived as being core capabilities, the firm might decide to outsource. Analysis of the impact of process technological and how it compares to its competitors for competitive advantage. If analysis shows minimal competitive advantage then the organisation can decide to outsource but in cases where in house process technology provides competitive advantage, the organisation could reconsider to insource. 2.2.3 Tactical implications phase Tactical decision process will consider the following factors, and the ability to test prospective outsourcing initiative. Alternatives to outsourcing: Being tactical is crucial in outsourcing because the final decision to outsource can be very expensive for the organisation. Therefore, before making that final decision, the organisation could reconsider alternatives to outsourcing such as producing in-house, subcontracting or vertical integration. The length of contract: Outsourcing decision could mean being tied down in a long term contract which could impact on other strategic objectives. Impact of size: Also the size of the outsourcing activity can impact on the decision process as management can decide on other options if the activity to outsource is too large and can have adverse effect on core activities. Corporate culture: The impact on corporate culture is another key tactical factor that should be considered on outsourced activity to organisation. This means considering employees feelings regarding the activity to be outsourced. 2.2.4 Cost analysis phase Critical to any outsourcing decision process is its ability to be cost-effective at a quality level competitive in the marketplace. An accurate cost-effective calculation looks beyond the initial and obvious costs and is based on a marginal costing principle; a cumulative costing concept including total variable cost, total fixed cost and operating costs. Other costs will include the opportunity cost which is the potential benefits forgone if the activity being outsourced is done in house. Implementation phase The implementation process will be driven by effective service provider selection and managing post-contractual relationship. Because outsourcing usually involves a long term contract and high investment, selecting the correct service provider is imperative. The selection process will include; Market research: This involves carrying out a thorough market research to determine market price and terms of conditions, and identifying potential service providers with the right expertise, capacity and similarity in corporate culture. Develop a tender request. The tender request should provide in detail the outsourcing requirements as well as general information about the organisation including the scope and the objectives of outsourcing. This document will form a good guide to potential service providers. Conduct site visit. After tenders have been submitted, a site visit to potential service provider will aim to compare reality to what is on paper. It will be an opportunity to look at the corporate culture, its processes, the people, and how they can fit in to the outsourcing organisation. Negotiate. Negotiation will aim to find a common ground for a win-win situation. Central to this will be: quality of service and the performance level, scope for improvement and change, pricing and management style including assimilation of employees. The implementation process is not complete without any form of decision to manage post-contractual relationship which is very important to the sustainability of the whole outsourcing process. The key factor is to develop a key performance indicator (KPI) to continuously measure and monitor performance of service provider so that service quality is maintained and relationship continuously improved. In conclusion, the decision to outsource by a firm is a crucial and strategic one because it affects a greater part of the firm and it can be used as a competitive tool. Traditionally, this decision was based simply on cost and benefits but as discussed above, the decision process is now influenced by many factors and departments. Therefore, for an outsourcing decision process to be effective and efficient, a cross functional team should be selected to be part of the whole process. Implementation Problems Shawn McCray (2008). [Online].(http://www.tpi.net/pdf/papers/Top_10_Problems-with_Outsourcing.pdf).(Accessed 23 February 2011), identifies poor change management and governance as key issues in implementing outsourcing. Some of the problems related to implementation are: Post-contract processes poorly written: This occurs because both parties after signing the contract do not want to work together. The root problem being mutual misunderstanding of contract and the scope of outsourced activities resulting to services not performed and increase frustration amongst staff. Cultural clash: Cultural clash, corporate or international, can tend to produce tension, distrust and misunderstanding. This is problematic especially in a situation of offshoring where communication is limited to email or phones. This will be further compounded in difference in work ethics which if not streamlined will create added tension. Quality of service: A main reason management decides to outsource is to improve the quality of service. Where service provider is unable to achieve this, the whole outsourcing process becomes questionable and creates problems surrounding contractual performance and implementation. Lack of Coordination: Coordination and the lack of a coordinating team present an implementation problem. This is because as soon as the contract is signed, the client quickly shifts all responsibilities to the service provider who is still trying to get started and there is no team in place to coordinate activities. This will lead to a slow start, confusion within the system and poor quality service provided. Loss of talents: Outsourcing decision creates lots of uncertainties which will push some talented employees to look for jobs elsewhere. Moreover, some of these employees may feel de-motivated working for a new service provider. The loss of talent and unsatisfactory employees can cause a drop in the quality of service provided. Service provider lacks required skills: Some service providers may lack the necessary skill and may be depending on hiring new staffs and/or train existing ones. If this process takes too long as in a client retained organisation, service provider may be unable to produce contractual results thus affecting operational implementation. Cost of service: The cost of providing the outsourcing service might actually tend to be high because cost estimations were not properly carried out and certain activities not taken into consideration. Other costs and barriers to operational implementation will be that service provider is unable to deal with the volume of activities, as well as find it difficult to handle and maintain client equipment and facilities. 2.4 Key Benefits and Potential Outsourcing Risks Kenneth Lysons and Michael Gillingham, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (Prentice Hall, 2003), explain that the main benefit associated with outsourcing is that it gives management the necessary time to concentrate on the core business operations. The Outsourcing.Institute.[online].(http://www.outsourcing.com/content.asp?page=01b/articles/intelligence/oi_top_ten_survey.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.outsourcing.com/content.asp?page=01b/articles/intelligence/oi_top_ten_survey.htmlnonav=trueHYPERLINK http://www.outsourcing.com/content.asp?page=01b/articles/intelligence/oi_top_ten_survey.htmlnonav=truenonav=true).(Accessed 23 February 2011) in a survey highlighted some other important outsourcing benefits; Outsourcing of non-core activities to a world class provider encourages reengineering and its associated benefits on improvements in performance in terms of cost, quality, service and speed. Outsourcing can be used by management to reduce huge capital investment on non-core business functions thereby making funds available to areas of the business involved in direct production. Operating cost incurred in outsourced activity is also reduce as expenses such as marketing and research and development are passed to the service providers. Outsourcing could help an organisation build a new capability from start due to lack of internal resources and expertise required to get this activity start up. Also, risks related with government compliance, late deliveries or technology innovation and failures are either reduced or shared as activity is passed on to the expert service provider. Another major outsourcing risk is making the wrong outsourcing decision on what to outsource and what not to outsource and the need to effectively manage relationships. Any wrong decision will be too costly for the organisation. Outsourcing is a crucial decision for any company and it is recommended that the final decision process accommodate a cross functional team that should critically evaluate both the cost and benefits including the strategic and tactical perspectives of outsourcing. REFERENCING BOOKS Alan Harrison and Remko van Hoek, Logistics Management and Strategy, (Pearson, 2008). James P Womack et al, the Machine That Changed the World, (Macmillan, 1990). Peter Hines, World Class Suppliers, (Pitman, 1994). Kenneth Lysons and Micheal Gillingham, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (Prentice Hall, 2003). Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers and Robert Johnston, Operations Management, (Pearson, 2010). Robert Monczka, Robert Trent, and Robert Handfield, Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, (Thomson, 2005). JOURNALS Andrew Cox et al (2004), Managing Appropriately in Power Regimes: Relationship and Performance Management in 12 Supply Chain Cases, Supply Chain Management, an International Journal, vol. 9, 357 371. Bensaou M (1999), Portfolios of Buyer-Supplier Relationships, Sloan Management Review, Vol 40, 35-45. Baltacioglu et

Japanese Art Essay

For the GOY* project, I chose to visit The Pavilion of Japanese Art in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) and look at Japanese artworks, especially from the Jomon to Heian period. There were no event focusing on Japanese Art on LACMA, so I opted to join a Sunday tour of the Japanese art collection instead. Knowing at once that it would only last for 50 minutes, I wondered at first how the guide would condense the lecture of thousands of years of Japanese history and Japanese art, especially that it entails a lot of explaining and translating to do. But the explanations as we went along the way were brief and concise and focused on the artworks, but were enough for us to take note of. What I intended to focus on were paintings from the Jomon to Heian period of Japanese Art, but instead I took note of different forms of Japanese artworks which I found interesting. There were several pieces that caught my attention, but those that I focused on were a ceramic vessel from the middle Jomon period, Jizo Bosatsu, which is carved wood sculpture from the late Heian period, and Seated Warrior, a sculpture from the Kofun period. Japanese art on the Jomon period are mostly earthenware vessels, mostly deep pots made of clay. Potteries made from the Jomon period are characterized by rope markings, incised lines and applied coils of clay (Kleiner 91). These vessels, however psychedelically figured, have a variety of uses. They serve different purposes, from storage to burial (Kleiner 91). The vessels on the Japanese Art Tour on the LACMA mostly have textured bases, the incised rope markings very apparent, and have castellated rims. Japanese art on the Kofun period is completely different. According to the Minneapolis Institute of Arts Website, the art on this period is characterized by tombs furnished haniwa, or cylinders which are used as adornment for tombs on the era. The forms of the haniwa later evolved to simple geometric forms of houses, animals, birds, and other figures. The sculpture on the LACMA, however, resembles a Seated Warior form, hence, its title. The Heian period is characterized with artworks representing or illustrating Esoteric Buddhism (Kleiner, 2010). Most of the artworks are Buddhist deities sculptures carved from wood, to which people worship. The sculpture of deities were characterized by a wardrobe of a monk’s, and all of them stood on top of a lotus, which symbolizes rebirth, according to the tour guide. I have expected Japanese art to be intricate, except maybe those from the Jomon period. But it turned out that even from the Neolithic period, the Japanese already had a sense of aesthetics that their vessels are adorned with rope markings. For me, the abstract form of Jomon period art is its strength. The Kofun period art was indeed very interesting for me because the artworks were used to decorate tombs, and the decorations symbolizes the person in that tomb. Meanwhile, as expected, Heian art is deeply rooted on Buddhism, and has Chinese influences. At the end of the day, I realized that the evolution of Japanese art relied on what happened in Japan at the time these artworks were constructed. The colorful events strongly influences the frame of mind of the artists. History is what shapes art.